摘抄，有关leadership

Universal Positive Leader Attributes:

• Trustworthy
• Just
• Honest
• Has foresight
• Plans ahead
• Encouraging
• Positive
• Dynamic
• Motive arouser
  
• Confidence builder
• Team builder
• Excellence oriented
• Motivational
  
• Dependable
• Intelligent
• Decisive
  
• Effective bargainer
• Win-win problem solver
• Administratively skilled
• Communicative
  
• Informed
• Coordinator
  

Characteristics that Predict Leadership

• Extraversion
• Conscientiousness
• Openness to experience
• Emotional stability
• Intelligence
• Dominance
• General self-efficacy
  

Derailing traits that undermine leadership:

• Egocentrism – being self-centered and egotistical, suggested by appearing overly involved with and concerned about one’s own well being and importance

• Manipulation—being self-serving and sly, suggested by a tendency to try to cover up mistakes; the ability to protect oneself by shifting blame onto others….

• Micro-managing—the tendency to over manage once a person has advanced to higher levels of management, as suggested by: staying involved in too many decisions rather than passing on responsibility; doing detailed work rather than delegating it; and staying too involved with direct reports rather than building teamwork among the staff.

• Intimidation—using power in a threatening way, as suggested by acting cold and aloof; an abrasive approach to others; a bullying style; and the use of knowledge or power to create fear in or subdue others

• Being passive-aggressive- avoiding confronting others, conveying acceptance or cooperation and at the same time appearing to behave in uncooperative and self-serving ways, as suggested by : communicating or implying cooperation; conveying acceptance by lack of objection; or expressing support for another person’s idea; but behaving in contradictory ways that serve one’s self-interest or potentially undermine the efforts of others who are possible threats.

What Should a Leader Do:

• Path-goal clarifying behaviors – clarifying subordinate’s paths to accomplishing a goal
• Achievement-oriented leader behavior – stressing pride in subordinate’s work and their own self-evaluation based on personal accomplishment
• Work facilitation planning, scheduling, coordinating, monitoring, coaching, reducing obstacles, and providing resource
• Supportive leader behavior – providing psychological support
• Interaction facilitation – facilitating collaborative and positive interaction among subordinates
• Group-oriented decision process—posing problem, not solutions, to the group; searching for the mutual interests among group members with respect to solving problems; encouraging participation of all group members; generating a variety of alternatives
• Representation and networking – presenting the group in a favorable manner to others in the organization, and maintaining positive relationships with influential outsiders
• Value-based leader behavior – arousing subordinates’ cherished values and unconscious motive by articulating a vision of a better future, displaying passion for that vision, demonstrating confidence, and evaluating followers and the group or organization positively