Strategic Tools for Social Entrepreneurs
作者：J. Gregory Dees, J. Gregory Dees Peter Economy Jed Emerson, Jed Emerson, Peter Economy一些信息可以从google图书了解： http://books.google.com/books?id=rmJvtkENGwIC&hl=zh-CN
摘抄并翻译一下这本书里对社会企业家的理解和定义：
For us, social entrepreneurship is not about starting a business or becoming more commercial. It is about finding new and better ways to create social value.
Entrepreeurship is: Entrepreneurs are innovative, opporunity-oriented, resourceful, value-creating change agents.
What makes social entrepreneurs different?
Social entrepreneurs are different from business entrepreneurs in many ways. The key difference is that social entrepreneurs set out with an explicit social mission in mind. Their main objective is to make the world a better place. This affects how they measure their success and how they structure their enterprises.
The best measure of success for social entrepreneurs is not how much profit they make but the extent to which they create social value. Social entrepreneurs act as change agents in the social sector by:
* Adopting a mission to create and sustain social value. For social entrepreneurs, the mission of social improvement is critical, and it takes priority over generating profits. Instead of going for the quick fix, social entrepreneurs look for ways to create lasting improvements.
* Recognizing and relentlessly pursuing new opportunities to serve that mission. Where others see problems, entrepreneurs see opportunities. Social entrepreneurs have a vision of how to achieve their goals, and they are determined to make their vision work.
* Engaging in a process of continuous innovation, adaptation, and learning. Social entrepreneurs look for innovative ways to assure that heir ventures will have access to needed resources and funding as long as they are creating social value.
* Acting boldly without being limited to resources currently in hand. Social entrepreneurs are skilled at doing more with less and at attracting resources from others. They explore all resource options from pure philanthropy to the commercial methods of the business sector, but they are not bound by norms and traditions.
* Exhibiting a heighted sense of accountability to the constituencies served and for the outcomes created. Social entrepreneurs take steps to assure they are creating value. They seek to provide real social improvements to their beneficiaries and their communities as well as an attractive social and/or financial return to their investors.
Social entrepreneurs seek out opportunities to improve society and they take action. They attack the underlying causes of problems rather than simply treating symptoms. And, although they may act locally, their actions have the very real potential to stimulate global improvements in their chosen arenas, whether that is education, health care, job training and development, the environment, the arts, or any other social endeavor.
QQ翻译：
社会企业家精神不是如何创办商业机构或变得越来越商业化，它的重点是寻找新的和更好的方式去创造社会价值。
企业家精神是：
企业家是创新的， 机遇导向的，资源丰富的，创造价值的变革原动力（agent)
什么令社会企业家不同？
社会企业家在许多方面不同于企业家。关键的区别是，社会企业家是带着一个明确的社会使命起步创业的。他们主要目标是使世界成为一个更美好的地方。这直接影响了他们如何衡量成功，以及如何构造他们的企业。
社会企业家成功的衡量不是根据他们创造多少利润，而是他们创造了何种程度上的社会价值。
社会企业家在社会部门作为改革推动者的方式有以下几点：
*采纳一个创造和维持社会价值的使命。
对于社会企业家而言，社会进步的使命是至关重要的，这个使命优先于创造利润。社会企业家寻求新的方式来创造持久的改进，而不是为了达到短期的效应
*发现并且坚持不懈地去追求新的机会以服务于这一使命。
企业家在其他人看到的问题的地方看到机会。社会企业家具有如何实现其目标的远景，并决心使他们的远景成为现实。
*一直处于不断创新、适应和学习的过程。
社会企业家寻找创新的方法来保证他们的社会企业（只要是在创造社会价值）将持续有机会获得所需的资源和资金。
*不限于现有的资源地大胆作为。
社会企业家善于以少量资源办大量的事、以及从其他地方吸引资源。从单纯的慈善到商业部门的市场方法，他们探索所有资源选择的种类，但并不受到规范和传统的约束。
*表现出对服务人群以及成效产出的高度责任感。
社会企业家采取措施确保他们在创造价值。他们设法为受益者和他们的社区提供真正的社会改善，同时为他们的投资方提供有吸引力的社会和／或者经济回报。
社会企业家寻求改善社会的机会并且采取行动。他们攻克问题产生的原因，而不是简单地治疗症状。虽然他们可能在是在当地的区域行动，他们的行为具有刺激全球改善所选领域的实际潜力，无论这领域是教育，医疗保健，职业培训和发展，环境，艺术，或任何其他社会事业。
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与诸多其他类似主题的书不同的是，这本书是使用导向而不是理论导向， 我感觉非常有实用价值。
下午一连发了好几个邮件，是有关社会创新项目的计划书的。目前正在上一个创业相关的课程，说到许多商业计划和商业创意所需要注意的地方。在社会创新项目最初期（08圣诞期间）的考虑上更多只是关注了项目的方向以及理念的设计， 现在阶段希望能够将项目本身的资金、人力、信息等等资源的可持续运转考虑进来， 面临了一些更难（不是不可能）的问题。 感觉，如果把自己放在传统非盈利组织的运作模式和角度上来看问题，其实是给了自己借口能够回避项目资金资源可持续的模式设计，如果肯定并且决心吸取社会创新的模式和社会企业的基本运转基础 所增加的压力能够促进更细化更有效的模式设计。
另外，我决定在离开之前要找到并拜访nyu所有跟SE相关的教授们，社会资本和人才资本的积累是一切的核心啊。。。
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